When transplanting partially differentiated human iPSCs (day 6 of a 14-day protocol) into the rat myocardium, Carpenter et al reported a nonsignificant trend towards improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and demonstrated that a percentage of transplanted cells were retained long-term (10 weeks), with evidence of differentiation into cells of cardiac lineage. 14 Human iPSCs in large-animal models Transplantation of iPSCs after fully differentiating into cells of the cardiac lineage has also been investigated as a therapy ( Table 1 ).
1
—
—