Atrial Fibrillation associated chromosome 4q25 variants are not associated with PITX2c expression in human adult left atrial appendages.

Surprisingly, there was a U-shaped relationship with increased AF disease status, such that PITX2c expression was higher in subjects with no history of AF, lower in AF/SR subjects, and higher again in AF/AF subjects, with this difference highly significant (p = 2×10 −4 by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) ( Figure 3A ).

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