Bioconversion of ginsenosides in the american ginseng ( xī yáng shēn) extraction residue by fermentation with lingzhi ( líng zhī, ganoderma lucidum).

For protopanaxadiol type ginsenosides, the ginsenoside Rb1 levels in unfermented AmR, FAmR at 1% inoculation, FAmR at 5% inoculation, and FAmR at 10% inoculation were 49.66, 8.99, 10.08, and 8.40 μmol/g, respectively, while much lower values of 15.05, 1.42, 0.86, and 1.70 μmol/g were obtained for ginsenoside Rc, indicating a decreasing trend in the content of Rb1 and Rc during fermentation.

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