Systematic review of the indirect effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on pneumococcal disease and colonization.

43 Another observational study demonstrated a highly significant trend in reduction of VT-carriage prevalence among Alaskan Native adults in the 4 years following the introduction of PCV7 with a 3+1 schedule. 42 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease We identified 21 studies documenting the impact of PCV introduction on incidence of VT-IPD among adult age groups, including 4 studies that specifically reported data on VT-meningitis ( Table 3 ).

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One 3+0 study in Australia did find 3–11% reductions in pneumonia; however, these findings were only borderline significant. 34 Additionally, a 3+PPV23 schedule in Australia showed a decrease in VT-NP carriage among older children but not among adults. 10 However, other studies suggest that PPV23 boosters do not affect VT-carriage, 48 and thus a 3+PPV23 schedule likely approximates a 3+0 schedule in terms of benefits against VT-carriage.

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