Single-molecule studies reveal a hidden key step in the activation mechanism of membrane-bound protein kinase C-α.

In the absence of DAG, addition of PIP 2 (2 mol %, the average PIP 2 density in the plasma membrane inner leaflet) yielded a small but highly significant ( p < 0.001) increase in total PKCα kinase activity, while subsequent addition of DAG generated a much larger increase (Figure 3 B).

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