Twins discordant for myositis and systemic lupus erythematosus show markedly enriched autoantibodies in the affected twin supporting environmental influences in pathogenesis.

Evaluation by the Fischer’s exact test revealed that only the affected (n = 12) and not the unaffected twins (n = 0) had autoantibodies against the systemic autoantigen targets, and this difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001).

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