Does protein kinase R mediate TNF-alpha- and ceramide-induced increases in expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in articular cartilage by a novel mechanism?

Treatment with TNF-α or C 2 -ceramide increases the release of proteoglycan from bovine articular cartilage An increase in sGAG release from cartilage explants was observed following 24 hours of treatment with 50 ng/ml TNF-α (1.78 ± 0.5; P = 0.06), which was highly significant at 100 ng/ml TNF-α (2.44 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) in comparison with release from control cultures (0.73 ± 0.07) (Fig. 3a ).

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