Large sex differences in chicken behavior and brain gene expression coincide with few differences in promoter DNA-methylation.

Consistent with previous findings reporting limited dosage compensation in the homogametic avian male, the total proportion of genes on the Z-chromosome that showed lower expression in females was highly significant in both RJF ( Figure 1 ; 87% was lower in females, χ 2 = 275.8, p<0.0001) and WL (90% was lower in females, χ 2 = 312.2 p<0.0001) compared to a 50/50 distribution.

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