Comparisons of ultrafine and fine particles in their associations with biomarkers reflecting physiological pathways.

For the three parameters related to autonomic function (Figure 3 A and SI Table S1), systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed significant associations with PM 2.5 and UFPs at lag 3 and lag 4, respectively; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was associated with neither PM 2.5 nor UFPs; and heart rate showed a significant association with PM 2.5 at lag 1, while its association with UFPs appeared marginally significant at lag 0 then decreased in the following lag days.

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