COX-2 expression is predictive for early relapse and aromatase inhibitor resistance in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, and is a target for treatment.

The reduction in Ki-67 in both EXE–COXIB and EXE arms was significant for both treatments ( P <0.002 and P <0.02, respectively), but there was highly significant difference in the change of Ki-67 between two arms, in favour of the EXE–COXIB arm ( P <0.004).

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Kerlikowske et al (2010 ) did however show that a p16+COX-2+Ki67+DCIS phenotype was prognostic for recurrence and suggests that the biological correlation between COX-2 levels and proliferation may be significant as we have seen within our clinical study.

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