highly significantP < 0.0001
es ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \sigma_{e}^{2} $$\end{document} σ e 2 ) were always highly significant ( P < 0.0001) for all resistance traits in both models.