Response surface plots (Figures 4(a) – 4(e) ), showing the effect of different reaction parameters on the % yield POFAMEs, depicted that, for an increase in levels of catalyst (NaOH) concentration up to 0.5%, methanol to oil molar ratio up to 7.5 : 1, reaction time up to 75 minutes, and reaction temperature up to 52.5°C, the conversion of palm oil to palm oil fatty acid methyl esters increased and reached to maximum value, whereas beyond these levels of reaction parameters a decreasing trend in % yield of POFAMEs was observed.
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RSM based optimization of chemical and enzymatic transesterification of palm oil: biodiesel production and assessment of exhaust emission levels.
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