highly significantP = 0.0009
post-earthquake differences in species abundance were highly significant ( Supplementary Table 3 ; pairwise tests after significant one-way PERMANOVA: 1997 vs. 2012: P = 0.0009; 2005 vs. 2012: P = 0.0015), while differences between the two pre-seismic samplings remained non-significant (1997 vs. 2005: P = 0.5131).