highly significantP < 0.01
In each of the four families DH lines transgressed the respective parents for all three time points and consistently, we observed highly significant ( P < 0.01) genotypic variances ( σ G 2 ) and in addition genotype-by-environment interaction variances ( σ G × E 2 ) for developmental stage at all three time points (DS1–DS3) ( Table S1 ).