An ERP study on L2 syntax processing: When do learners fail?

Front Psychol · 2014 · PMC4174886 · PMID 25309492

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0640

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Paired comparisons show that the difference between structures is highly significant in the learner group [ t (62.9) = 4.91, p < 0.001, gender mean = 62.8, SD = 14.1; non-finite verb mean = 79.5, SD = 17.3].

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marginally significantp = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Due to a marginally significant group by correctness interaction in the omnibus ANOVA, F (1, 36) = 3.65, p = 0.064, another follow-up analysis was conducted separately for natives and learners.

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failed to reach significanceno p-value reported

In the early time window, there are again no effects for learners, while the natives seemed to show some small effects, which however failed to reach significance in follow-up analyses.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.