The cognitive effects of listening to background music on older adults: processing speed improves with upbeat music, while memory seems to benefit from both upbeat and downbeat music.

Front Aging Neurosci · 2014 · PMC4197792 · PMID 25360112

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0140

closest p · 0.3× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.014actually significant

Pairwise comparisons showed a significant advantage for the Mozart condition over no-music, t (64) = 3.64, and a marginally significant increase over the white noise, t (64) = 2.53, p = 0.014.

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