Dopamine reward prediction error responses reflect marginal utility.

Although negative prediction error responses were significantly correlated with marginal disutility in 14 individual neurons (p < 0.05; Pearson’s correlation), this relationship failed to reach significance in the population of 52 and 31 neurons of monkeys A and B, respectively ( Figure 3 E; p > 0.4 and p > 0.2; Pearson’s correlation), perhaps because of the naturally low baseline impulse rate and accompanying small dynamic range.

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