highly significantP < 10 -5
SNPs with a call rate lower than 0.9, a minor allele frequency higher than 0.005 and a highly significant deviation ( P < 10 -5 ) from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and SNPs that were not annotated (UMD3) on the autosomes or on the pseudo-autosomal region of the X-chromosome were excluded from the analysis.