Owing to highly significant correlations between all ACE types (see Additional file 1 : Table S1), and consistent with ACE study methodology elsewhere [ 11 , 12 ], ACE counts were calculated for all individuals as a proxy for severity of childhood adversity and classified into four retrospective cohorts (0 ACEs, n = 2,084; 1 ACE, n = 881; 2–3 ACEs, n = 597; 4 + ACES, n = 323).
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National household survey of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with resilience to health-harming behaviors in England.
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