HSV-2-driven increase in the expression of α4β7 correlates with increased susceptibility to vaginal SHIV(SF162P3) infection.

After 3 days the concentration of MIF was still higher in the HSV-2 infected tissues compared to the controls, while there was also a significant increase in IL-6 and a almost significant increase in the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) ( Fig. 9B ).

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Although in vivo this did not quite reach significance likely because of the very small number of animals per group, together with the ex vivo findings, our results suggest HSV-2 infection directly increases the availability of α 4 β 7 high CD4 + T cells in the vaginal mucosa and this effect appears to persist long after the resolution of the acute phase of HSV-2 infection.

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