Association between the unemployment rate and inpatient cost per discharge by payer in the United States, 2005-2010.

From the first stage of the IV regression model, the F-test of the instruments was large and highly significant (F-test = 444.94, p < .001) indicating that the instruments were strong.

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Although previous studies have reported a decreasing trend in hospital utilization during the 2007–2009 Great Recession, little is known regarding how the recent economic downturn affected hospital costs per inpatient stay for different segments of the population.

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