highly significantp=3·4×10 −9
The association remained highly significant after adjustment for age and stratification by cohort ( appendix ; hazard ratio 0·56 [95% CI 0·45–0·69]; LR test p=3·4×10 −9 ), and no evidence against the assumption of proportional hazards was noted, confirming the validity of the Cox regression model (test of Schoenfeld residuals 27 p=0·64).