The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades.

For PolyPhen2 predictions, the difference is marginally nonsignificant (15 variants, 13 of which are singletons; P = 0.0527); however, notably one doubleton variant is present in two Bakola samples that are sequence-identical ( supplementary table S5 , Supplementary Material online), and carry STR haplotypes differing by only three mutational steps at a single STR marker.

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