Longitudinal analysis of the premature infant intestinal microbiome prior to necrotizing enterocolitis: a case-control study.

2B ), with only the first three weeks showing marginal significance (p = 0.06, p = 0.05, p = 0.05, respectively) at genus level ( S1 Table ).

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The diversity including richness and Shannon diversity were lower in subjects treated by antibiotics within five days vs subjects who did not ( S6 Fig .), with a marginally significant difference on richness (p = 0.09 for richness and 0.18 for Shannon diversity), suggesting IV antibiotic treatment may influence the complexity of the premature infant intestinal microbiome.

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3A ): (1) The amount of Gammaproteobacteria in controls maintained the same predominance for 9 days before NEC onset, yet it is significantly higher in controls than in NEC samples at 7–9 and 4–6 days prior to NEC onset (p = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively), and not significantly different just before disease onset as a result of Gammaproteobacteria from NEC cases showing an increasing trend while approaching disease.

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