Two novel vocalizations are used by veeries (Catharus fuscescens) during agonistic interactions.

However, there were marginally significant differences in the number of full songs, and no significant differences in the number of whisper calls or songs without introductory notes given by focal males during the control playback period as compared to during the treatment playback period of the experiment (Wilcoxon normal approximations: Z = 1.92, N = 30, p = 0.055, Z = 0.131, N = 30, p = 0.8956, Z = 0.038, N = 30, p = 0.9697, full songs, whisper calls, and no introductory note songs respectively, Fig. 4 ).

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No males swooped during the pre-playback period, and so there was a highly significant difference between the number of swoops performed by males in the pre-playback period as compared to the control playback and treatment playback periods (pre-playback vs. control playback: Z = 3.39, N = 30, p = 0.007, pre-playback vs. treatment playback: Z = 3.73, N = 30, p = 0.0002, Fig. 4 bottom panel).

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