Phylogenetic reconstruction by cross-species chromosome painting and G-banding in four species of Phyllostomini tribe (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Brazilian Amazon: an independent evidence for monophyly.

However, Bremer values for Lophostoma and Phyllostomus clade were relatively low (3), and the genus Phyllostomus clade was the lowest possible (1), but for a branch with a small number of characters parsimony-informative since the karyotypes are almost identical and similar to the primitive Phyllostomidae karyotype (meaning that the chromosome traits are plesiomorphic and are not taken into account in the cladistics analysis), even a low Bremer may be significant [ 54 ], since this test is qualitative and chromosomal rearrangements are considered to be rare events in the genome [ 55 ].

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