HIV infection and domestic smoke exposure, but not human papillomavirus, are risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Zambia: a case-control study.

Cancer Med · 2015 · PMC4402073 · PMID 25641622

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

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closest p

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boldest claim

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a worrying trendno p-value reported

Discussion In recent years we have observed a worrying trend of increased occurrence of OSCC in young Zambian adults.

also in 390 other papers

close to being significantno p-value reported

Initial analysis showed that the association of OSCC with HIV infection was very close to being significant, which suggested that the sample size was too small to show an effect.

also in 142 other papers

highly significantno p-value reported

We found a highly significant association between cigarette smoking and OSCC.

also in 83,176 other papers

of borderline significanceno p-value reported

Our initial analysis of 50 cases and 50 controls suggested an effect of borderline significance on multivariate analysis and in younger adults.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.