Parallel Gene Expression Differences between Low and High Latitude Populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans.

We observed highly significant overlap between the two sets of genes at 29°C (P = 3.58E-07) and marginally significant overlap at 21°C (P = 0.001), which is consistent with our SNP-based analysis.

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Finally, among all expressed one-to-one orthologs, we observed a highly significant excess of parallel expression differences (5851 parallel genes vs. 4617 opposite direction genes at 29°C, 6591 parallel vs. 3594 opposite genes at 21°C, χ 2 test, both P <0.001), which supports the proposition that parallel selection responses may shape expression differences even for genes that are not significantly differentially expressed in our data.

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