Manganese Supplementation in Deer under Balanced Diet Increases Impact Energy and Contents in Minerals of Antler Bone Tissue.

The study gives support to findings of a previous study which propose a change in Mn content of plants as a potential cause of breakage of many antlers in Spain: an effect of climate reduced work to peak force in antlers by 10%, impact energy by 27%, cortical thickness by 30%, and also affected content in ash, Ca, P, Mn, Si, Na, Co, Cu (in this case only with marginal significance), and Fe.

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