Estimating the Fitness Effects of New Mutations in the Wild Yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus.

We have tested the significance of selective constraint on the distribution of deleterious fitness effects using likelihood and found it highly significant (models where outgroup conserved and nonconserved sites are considered separately vs. models with the two types pooled; from table 1 , Model 1: 2ΔLogLikelihood = 2[−2,586.32 − (−2,666.78)] =160.92, df = (2*1) − 1 = 1, P < 10 − 5 or Model 2: 2ΔLogLikelihood = 2[−2,517.14 − (−2,603.3)] = 172.32, df =(2*2) − 2 = 2, P < 10 − 5 , for separate vs. pooled effects, respectively).

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