Gains in cognition through combined cognitive and physical training: the role of training dosage and severity of neurocognitive disorder.

While healthy participants showed a highly significant intervention effect on change in global cognition, t (86) = 3.48, p = 0.0008, Cohen’s d = 0.54, participants with MCI, t (108) = 1.45, p = 0.15, Cohen’s d = 0.19, and dementia, t (25) = 0.14, p = 0.89, Cohen’s d = 0.04, did not show a significant improvement.

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The group difference in the quality of life questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF was marginally significant, p = 0.05.

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How can we overcome the limitations of mono-therapeutical approaches? As cognitive decline is multi-causal (see, e.g., Buckner, 2004 ), multi-component interventions acting by multiple mechanisms may be necessary for practically significant effects on global cognition ( Ngandu et al., 2015 ).

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