Relative impacts of environmental variation and evolutionary history on the nestedness and modularity of tree-herbivore networks.

All networks exhibit modular structures Modularity ( Q ) values calculated on all data matrices (all genotype groups in both gardens) were notably highly significant in all cases (Table 3 ), with z Q values in excess of the threshold for significance in the z -distribution (i.e., in larger than 2: Dormann and Strauss 2014 ).

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