highly significantp < 0.001
In the shallow-shaded treatment, AFDM decreased steadily during the first 6 weeks ( Fig 1b ), resulting in highly significant lower values compared to the shallow-to-deep treatment, after 3 weeks (one- way ANOVA: F 1,8 = 88.38, p < 0.001) and 6 weeks (F 1,8 = 32.63, p < 0.001).