Increasing nitrogen limitation in the Bothnian Sea, potentially caused by inflow of phosphate-rich water from the Baltic Proper.

In the BS, the shift was gradual and showed a continuous decline without marked shift, and the linear time trends were highly significant ( p < 0.003, statistics in Fig. 3 ).

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For the GoB, the same study, however, found a north-to-south gradient of increasing eutrophication and an increasing trend in time.

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National Swedish monitoring in the northern part of the open BS has shown a decreasing trend from around 2 μg L −1 in the early 1990s to values slightly above 1 μg L −1 during 2000–2004, and then a change back to values around 2 μg L −1 with considerable inter-annual variation and no clear time trends (Höglander et al. 2012 ).

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