Non-communicable disease risk factor patterns among mining industry workers in Papua, Indonesia: longitudinal findings from the Cardiovascular Outcomes in a Papuan Population and Estimation of Risk (COPPER) Study.

For example, a study using multicountry data between 1980 and 2008 has shown a decreasing trend of mean blood pressure in western countries, but an increasing trend in SEA and Oceania. 30 Furthermore, obesity is rapidly increasing across both developed and developing countries, particularly in urban settings. 31 In this sense, the observed prevalence rates and longitudinal trends seen in our study population are in line with broader population-level transitions.

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