almost significantlyP = 0.053
Soil temperature was not higher in the squares containing more larvae ( t = −0.16, P = 0.55, LMM), and it was almost significantly higher in cages containing larvae [24.63 ± 0.13°C (mean ± SE, n = 8 cages)] than in those without larvae [24.48 ± 0.13°C (mean ± SE, n = 8 cages), t 7 = 2.32, P = 0.053, paired t -test].