Pathogenesis of Primary Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in the Nasopharynx of Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Cattle.

Additionally, there was a highly significant 3-way interaction (category/time-point × vaccination status × FMDV RNA load; p < 0.001): FMDV RNA load had a significant positive influence on IFN-γ and IFN-λ expression in vaccinated animals early after infection (24 hpi; p<0.01 for both), as well as on IFN-λ in non-vaccinated animals that were viremic/pre-clinical (Category II; p<0.001) ( Fig 3 ).

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There was no consistent modulation of IFN mRNA in the two vaccinated steers euthanized at 48 hpi, whereas there was an overall trend of IFN induction (though not statistically significant) in corresponding samples obtained at 72 hpi ( Fig 2B ).

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