Overall, the magnitude of the FID difference (that is, the effect sizes) of populations under low versus high human disturbance was lower, albeit marginally significant, in contrasts made ‘within' a same habitat type (for example, low versus high human disturbance in islands) than in contrasts made ‘between' habitat types (for example, rural versus urban areas; Q b =3.70, df=1, P =0.054).
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