Impacts of local adaptation of forest trees on associations with herbivorous insects: implications for adaptive forest management.

To allow us to analyse data for all 20 study provenances, we used the highly significant relationship between F ST and geographic distance for the 17 provenances (Mantel test in the adegenet r package, P = 0.01 with 999 iterations) to estimate a pseudo- F ST for the full set of 20 provenances, referred to hereafter as GeoF ST (full details are given in Data S2 ).

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