Cost-effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related respiratory failure in Indian hospitals without ICU facilities.

In India, there is still a critical shortage of ICU beds; there is an estimated need of 5 million ICU beds annually but only 70,000 are available.[ 39 ] One-analysis of Indian ICUs found that medical professionals in small hospitals managed 40% of the inpatient beds with limited facilities.[ 25 ] The potential for noninvasive ventilation to improve health care in India may be significant.

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