Cross-modal and modality-specific expectancy effects between pain and disgust.

Instead, a highly significant main effect of the Cue Unpleasantness was found (F (1,16) = 23.33, P = 0.0002), reflecting higher unpleasantness ratings for identical (medium unpleasantness) stimuli when they followed a high rather than a low unpleasantness cue (see Fig. 2 and Table 1 ).

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Please note that all the effects described above were also observed when removing the covariate from the analysis (except for the three-way interaction which led to only marginal significance: F (1,17) = 3.73, P = 0.070).

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