This effect was visible only for singing with lyrics, when participants were classified based on relative pitch ( F (1,47) = 8.75, p < 0.01) and just failed to reach significance on absolute pitch ( F (1,47) = 3.79, p = 0.06, marginally significant).
2
0.0600
0.0600
The sentences
As can be seen, differences between all subgroups when participants sang with lyrics and with a syllable were highly significant on the pitch dimension.