Sustained fitness gains and variability in fitness trajectories in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli.

The probability that all nine populations would, by chance, yield monotonically increasing point estimates across three time points is (1/3 × 1/2) 9 < 10 −7 . When each population is analysed individually ( table 1 ), the cumulative increase between 40 000 and 60 000 generations is highly significant (all p < 0.001).

also in 132,142 other papers

The observed gains are much closer to those predicted by the power-law model, although the difference between the model and observations was marginally significant ( p = 0.035) over the entire 40 000–60 000-generation interval ( table 2 ).

also in 26,082 other papers