Non-invasive cortisol measurements as indicators of physiological stress responses in guinea pigs.

The time course of FGM levels, including the mean baseline value measured on the day before the social confrontation and values measured in two-hour intervals until 24 h after the social confrontation, was highly significant ( F 12,108 = 13.8247, p < 0.001) ( Fig. 4 ).

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While an almost significant difference was detected between the single days throughout the social isolation period ( χ 2 = 7.342, p = 0.051), where animals showed slightly increased levels on the first day, no differences between the single days were detected after social confrontations ( χ 2 = 1.779, p = 0.822).

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