Causal evidence that intrinsic beta-frequency is relevant for enhanced signal propagation in the motor system as shown through rhythmic TMS.

Further analysis of the EMG signal on single trials for each participant excluded TMS-evoked motor potentials as the origin of these marginally significant trends (see below), but we note that we cannot exclude any spinal effects that may have not become detectable with our surface EMG recordings. 3.3.

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Therefore, we ran a 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors “stimulation frequency” and “TMS condition” on the EMG signal, which showed no significant main effects of condition or frequency nor interactions between these two factors ( F (1,8) = 4.42; p = 0.07; η 2 = 0.35), although revealing a slight trend in the same direction as for sensorimotor beta-power ( Fig. 2 D–F).

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