Our observation that α-GalCer expanded mostly the CD4 − subset of NKT-cells may be significant for how swine were protected against disease, because in mice and humans CD4 − NKT-cells are highly cytolytic and produce Th1-cytokines 34 , which are important for lysing virus-infected cells.
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α-Galactosylceramide protects swine against influenza infection when administered as a vaccine adjuvant.
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