recommend positioning the needle as close to the working length (WL) as possible to improve debridement and irrigant replacement.[ 13 ] Flow rate is considered a highly significant factor in determining flow pattern in irrigation dynamics[ 14 ] and has been shown to influence the replacement of the irrigant.[ 15 ] However, irrigation flow rate is not commonly mentioned as a factor influencing the effectiveness of irrigation[ 16 ] and is not standardized in research papers.[ 8 13 17 18 19 20 21 ] Existing endodontic research reports a wide range of irrigation flow rates ranging from 0.03 mLs –1 to 1.27 mLs –1 .[ 7 8 17 20 22 ] This is influenced by the operator, needle design, and needle gauge.
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An in vivo assessment of the influence of needle gauges on endodontic irrigation flow rate.
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