Cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest induced by andrographolide lead to programmed cell death of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.

Andrographolide treatment (30 μM) showed an increasing trend in the cell number at S phase of MDA-MB-231 cells with time and decreasing trend in the cell number at G 1 /G 0 phase (Fig. 3 ).

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Interestingly, we also observed a highly significant increase in the expression (by 7.13 ± 1.17 fold) of cytosolic cytochrome c whereas decrease in the expression of cytochrome c present in the mitochondrial fraction (1.92 ± 0.05 fold) (Fig. 6b ).

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