Secondary Growth and Carbohydrate Storage Patterns Differ between Sexes in Juniperus thurifera.

Finally, we found the interaction term “site × sex” was significant for NSC (and marginally significant for SS), with females showing higher NSC concentrations in the Site-B than females in the Site-A, while concentrations in males did not differ between the sites ( Table 1 , Figures 2D,E ).

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Nevertheless, carbohydrates stored in the main stem, far from reproductive organs, may not be significant contributors to seasonal reproductive demands, and consequently intra-annual variation in the sapwood carbon reserve might be more influenced by other physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, osmotic regulation or secondary growth, than by reproduction ( Dietze et al., 2014 ; Schiestl-Aalto et al., 2015 ).

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Results Sexual Dimorphism in Carbohydrate Content Mean yearly NSC concentration was 3.6%, showing a highly significant seasonal variation ( Table 1 , Figure 2A ).

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