Dmrt1 polymorphism covaries with sex-determination patterns in Rana temporaria.

Although the F ST value associated with Dmrt3 is only close to significance after correction, the exact probability for the observed distribution of the male‐specific allele can be computed from combinatorial statistics as the ratio of 2 8 × 11!/(8! × 3!) = 42,240 (number of combinations of eight copies of allele 281 among 11 males, one copy each) over 44!/(8! × 36!) = 177,232,627 (number of combinations of these eight copies among 44 copies of Dmrt3 ), which amounts to P ~ 2.4 × 10 −4 .

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Associations between offspring sex and paternal LG 2 haplotype were much weaker than in Ammarnäs, and variable among families, but still highly significant overall, a surprising result given the absence of male‐specific alleles at all LG 2 markers investigated.

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